FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

This book has been prepared strictly based on new curriculum of Bachelors in Business Administration program of Tribhuvan University. However, this book is useful to Bachelor in Business Administration students of other Universities like Pokhara University, Kathmandu University, Purbanchal University, Mid-Western University and other Universities. This book may also be suitable for corporate practitioners to learn about financial management. Therefore, objective of this book is to provide students an understanding the fundamental concepts, principles, tools and techniques of financial management and their optimum utilization in real life situations of the business firms.

Principles of Physics XI

This book Principles of Physics, Grade XI is an outcome of overwhelming response that we had from our valued readers, teachers and students from different colleges, guardians and well wishers. At this juncture, we extend our heartfelt gratitude to all.
The contents of the book have been revised and improved in accordance with the need of the new syllabus prescribed by Curricuclum Development Center (CDC), Sanothimi, Bhaktapur, Nepal. We hope this edition fulfills the requirement of complete syllabus. The authors have ceaselessly worked hard to make this book a complete text book of physics for grade XI. Each lesson has been properly scrutinized and its classroom implication has seen well assessed. We believe this endeavour will further ensure students’ success in competitive examinations of different kinds along with qualifying themselves for college/university degrees.
This book is expected to deserve significance because of its following special features:
(i) Each chapter of the book comprises at its end concept based questions with answers which can develop confidence in the students along with satisfying their wide range of interests.
(ii) Self-test numerical problems presented in the book enable the students to understand the lessons thoroughly.
(iii) The book comprises multiple exercises, numerical problems, very short, short and long question answers which can help the students develop scientific skills.
(iv) Various objective questions are given and they will be helpful for the students preparing for engineering as well as medical examinations, and many other competitive examinations of universities.
(v) Various questions and problems are included from University Physics of Sears and Zemansky, and
Advanced Level Physics of Nelkon and Parker.
(vi) Review and summary, key formulae and useful information of each chapter are separately given in the tabular form.
This book is a result of a long inspiration and moral support of many visible and invisible persons. We are thankful to all of them. We extend our heartfelt gratitude to Prof. Dr. Devendra Raj Mishra, Prof. Dr. Lok Narayan Jha, Prof. Dr. Shekhar Gurung, Prof. Dr. Shesh Kanta Aryal, Prof. Dr. Udayaraj Khanal,
Prof. Dr. Bal Krishna Sapkota, Prof. Dr. Bhadra Pokharel, who always encouraged us to write this book. We are indebted to Prof. Dr. Pradeep Kumar Bhattarai, Prof. Dr. Sita Ram Byahut, Prof. Dr. Nanda Bahadur Maharjan and Prof. Dr. Ramesh Narayan Tripathi for their valuable suggestions and inspirations.
We would like to thank our wives for their affection and support: Prof. Dr. H. Paudyal to Ms. Puspa
Paudyal, Dr. M. K. Thapa to Ms. Bhumika Thapa, Dr. A. K. Gautam to Ms. Bina Gautam, Dr. B. R. Adhikari to Ms. Rita Adhikari, Mr. P. R. Poudel to Ms. Shishukala Poudel, and Mr. M. Khatri to Ms. Bhuwan Khatri.
Our acknowledgements are also due to Ayam Publication family which always supported us in our every
attempt. Last but not the least, we thank Basant Raj Pokhrel for his marketing, Buddhi Tiwari for Accounting purpose and Mr. Resham Shrestha for his excellent type setting, drawing and designing.
We have tried our best to avoid errors in the presentation of contents, and we are entirely responsible for the
errors, if any, found in the book. We will be thankful to all the readers who point out the weaknesses and provided us with suggestions for the further improvement of the book.
Authors
Shrawan, 2077

Principles of Physics XII

This book Principles of Physics, Grade XII is a part of series of Principles of Physics, Grade XI. It has been written according to the new revised syllabus prescribed by Curriculum Development Centre, Nepal (CDC, Nepal), 2076. It has evolved as an outcome of a long time classroom teaching experiences of the authors. The contents of the book have been presented in accordance with the needs of the students as well as the teachers. So the authors believe that it is a complete book required for the syllabus prescribed by CDC. We hope this book fulfills the requirements of the complete syllabus. The book begins with Mechanics and ends with Modern Physics containing altogether 25 chapters.
The students in the present world wish to fulfill their multiple needs through a book. They have to qualify
themselves in the examinations conducted by the colleges and the boards. On the other hand, they expect to ensure their success in many other competitive examinations so as to guarantee their successful career in future. They can accomplish their dreams only when the book they study is well-fulfilled. In trying to meet such needs, the authors have had continuous need assessment of the students, and the book has been presented among the readers as its result.
This book is expected to deserve a significant because of its following special features:
(i) Each chapter of the book comprises at its end concept-based questions with answers which can develop confidence in the students along with satisfying their wide range of interests.
(ii) Self-test numerical problems presented in the book enable the students to understand the lessons thoroughly.
(iii) The book comprises multiple exercises, numerical pvroblems, short and long questions which can help the students develop scientific skills.
(iv) Various objective questions are given which can be helpful for the students preparing engineering as well as medical examinations, and many other competitive examinations of universities.
(v) Various questions and problems are included from University Physics of Sears and Zemansky, and
Advanced Level Physics of Nelkon and Parker.
This book is a result of a long inspiration and moral support of many visible and invisible persons. We are grateful to all of them. We extend our heartfelt gratitude to Prof. Dr. Devendra Raj Mishra who always encouraged us to write this book. We are indebted to Prof. Dr. Lok Narayan Jha, Prof. Dr. Udayaraj Khanal, Prof. Dr. Shekhar Gurung, Prof. Dr. Nanda Bahadur Maharjan and Mr. Govardhan Khadka for their valuable suggestions and inspirations. We are thankful to our colleagues, without whose support this book would not have received this success.
Our acknowledgements are also due to Ayam Publication family which always supported us in our every
attempt. Last but not the least, we thank Mr. Resham Shrestha for his excellent type setting, drawing and designing.
We have tried our best to avoid errors in the presentation of contents, and we are entirely responsible for the
errors, if any, found in the book. We will be thankful to all the readers who point out the weaknesses and provided us with suggestions for the improvement of the book.
Authors
Paush, 2077

Principles of Biology Grade XI

The Curriculum Development Center (CDC), Bhaktapur, Nepal has revised curriculum of class XI
biology in 2076 with substantial changes in previous curriculum. With the revision of the curriculum, the
text books available in the market became obsolete creating an opportunity to prepare the text book of
biology in accordance with the revised curriculum that fulfils the aims and aspiration of the revised
curriculum. Moreover, we received suggestions from instructors, teachers and students across the country
about the need of the book according to revised curriculum and addressing the gaps. Realizing the gap and
for fulfilling the need of teachers and students a team of enthusiastic and academically qualified authors,
having long teaching-learning and research experiences, working in different educational and academic
institutions come together for publishing the book that can facilitate easy teaching-leanings of the subject
matter in biology and fulfill the goals envisioned in the new curriculum. This book entitled “Principles
of Biology” for Grade XI is an outcome of encouragement from our esteemed colleagues,
teachers and students from different educational institutions across the country. Our proposal of
publishing the book was accepted by Ayam Publication and Distributors Pvt. Ltd.,
Kathmandu and facilitated us with the all administrative processes. Moreover, with the
support of CDC, through rigorous review from the anonymous reviewers, we received
constructive comments and suggestions that helped us bringing the book in this shape. Finally,
the CDC granted us with the permission for publishing the book.
As the book has been prepared entirely in accordance with the new curriculum prescribed
by Curriculum Development Center, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur, Nepal, we hope that the
first edition of the book will fulfill the requirement of revised curriculum as well as the needs of
the instructors and students. The book contains 10 units and each unit has been divided into
chapters; and each chapter is provided with learning objectives and pedagogic approach for each
class for making effective class-room leanings. Each chapter is followed by exercise and
questions in the format provided by the CDC. We believe that the book will serve as a resource
book for instructors and teachers, and will help students prepare better ensuring their success
in competitive examinations related to biology along with preparing them for further advanced
studies in colleges/universities across the world. We expect feedbacks, about the presentations of
the contents and overall impression of the book, from the teachers, students and concerned
stakeholders for the further improvement of the book in forthcoming editions.
We hope that the book will be welcomed by teachers and students, and will make best use of this
resource.
Authors