This Physics Practical Book with Viva-voce is the outcome of 25 years of teaching experience in the
related fields which meets the requirements of Curriculum Development Center (CDC), Nepal, 2076
for Grade XI. This book includes general experiments, practical activities, sample project work and
innovative works separately. It is written in a simple and easy way which gives clear and modern
views to conduct physics practical. Each experiment contains step by step instruction, diagrams and
helpful suggestion to the students to run experiment smoothly. We have also tried to emphasize on
error analysis in the book. During writing the book, we tried to deliver sufficient information so that
the students get almost guidelines of the practical work.
All experiments can’t be expected to be completely free from errors. So taking importance of the error,
we have tried to present how to calculate percentage error, the possible sources of errors and the
precautions to be taken to reduce these errors while performing the experiments.
This book is expected to deserve significance because of its following special features; each
experiment contains:
(i) Description of apparatus
(ii) Working theory
(iii) Detailed procedure in simple and systematic way
(iv) Observations with simple table
(v) Calculations and results including error analysis and
(vi) Sources of errors, precautions, short questions and their answers (viva-voce).
We would like to acknowledge to Prof. Dr. Binil Aryal, Prof. Dr. Purna B. Chand, Prof. Dr. Indra B.
karki, Prof. Dr. Sita Ram Bahadur Thapa, Prof. Dr. Anata Panthi, Prof. Dr. Raju Khanal, Prof. Dr.
Debendra Adhikari, Prof. Dr. Narayan Adhikari, Prof. Dr. Binod K. Bhattarai, Prof. Dr. Tika B.
Katuwal, Prof. Dr. Sita Ram Bahadur Thapa and Prof. Dr. Narayan Chapagain. We like to thank
Prof. Dr. Ishwor Koirala, Prof. Dr. Rajendra Parajuli, Dr. Kabiraj Bantawa, Dr. Hari Lamichhane,
Dr. Lekhnath Mishra, Dr. Prakash Joshi, Dr. Raju R. Regmi, Dr. Balaram Ghimire, Dr. Bhawani D.
Joshi, Dr. Ajaya K Jha, Dr. Bed raj K.C, Dr. Sib Narayan Yadab, Dr. Khimananda Ghimire and Dr.
Sanju Shrestha, Dr. Shesh Kant Adhikari.
Our sincere thanks go to Mr. Prakash M. Shresha, Mr. Beni Madhab Dhungana, Mr. Pitambar
Shrestha, Mr. Laxmi N. Bhattari, Mr. Kul P. Dahal, Mr. Dilli Sapkota, Mr. Krishna Prasad Chapai.,
Mr. Janak Ratna Malla, Mr. Iswar P. Koirala, Mr. Ghanashyam Thakur, Ms. Usha Joshi, Mr. Keshab
Ghimire, Mr. Krishna P. Chapain, Mr. Ram S. Chaudhari, Mr. Dharma Raj Paudel, Mr. Anil Gurung,
Mr. Hareram Mishra, Mr. Sharoom Khan, Mr. Resham Chapagain, Mr. Shishir Adhikari, Mr.
Debendra Upadhyaya, Mr. Ram Rahubar Mahto, Mr. Yam P. Dahal, Mr. Tikaram Lamichhane,
Rabindra Raj Bista, Rudra Pd. Poudel, Udaya Bdr.Thapa, Bishnu Subedi, Ram Krishna Tiwari,
Rajendra Neupane, Eak Raj Poudel, Moti Bhusal,Bishnu P. Pokhrel, Rabindra Raj Bista, Mr. Ajaya
Neupane, , Satendra Mishra and Chudamani Rajaure for their suggestions.
We are also thankful to Ayam Publication, Kathmandu for encouraging us to write this book and
producing for the students. Mr. Resham Shrestha also shares our thanks for his excellent type
settings, designing and drawing.
We have attempted our best to avoid the errors in the content. However, any error if found in the
text, we will be grateful for the suggestion and we will correct it in the next edition.
Authors
Shrawan, 2077